SPF Hardfail
SPF hardfail (-all) declares that hosts not matching earlier mechanisms should fail SPF evaluation—the strongest common default qualifier.
Example
Use -all when your sending inventory is known. Combine with DMARC for reporting and From-domain policy.
v=spf1 include:spf.protection.outlook.com -allOperational caution
Missing an ESP include with -all causes SPF fail for that traffic. Fix inventory before flipping from ~all.
How QuickDMARC helps
Aggregate DMARC data shows which sources still need SPF authorization before you harden -all and DMARC reject.
Frequently asked questions
Does -all stop spoofing alone?
It influences SPF result; DMARC policy is what asks receivers to quarantine/reject on DMARC fail.
Can I use ?all?
?all is neutral and rarely useful for production brands.
M365 default?
Microsoft documents include:spf.protection.outlook.com with a terminal qualifier you choose carefully.